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🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - Glenn Wolkenfeld

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Photosynthesis

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 Photosynthesis
Non Cyclic Electron Flow and The Calvin
Lecture by Glenn Wolkenfeld

Thanks joining us for Episode Two,
Wher ‘bout photosynthesic waits for you.
We saw how plant cells create, O¬¬2, ATP, and NADPH.
Now we’ll start with a twist on the reactions,
Called cyclic we’ll see how it happens.
Then we will investigate how the Calvin makes carbohydrate.

(Part I, Cyclic Electron
Non – cyclic is also called the “Z – scheme” Put Z on its site and see what I mean.
Electrons rise in energy then and rise again.
ATP and NADPH my friends.
A variation this is cyclic flow.
Which makes ATP, no NADPH O.
flow results from the Calvin Cycle’s needs.
uses less NADPH than ATP.
NADPH buildup has the of inhibiting NADP+ reduction.
‘cause NADPH up reductase.
Keepping NADP+ from moving into
So electrons don’t go NADP+.
They’re clogged, stuck like pimple’s pus.
Where can they go from
Nature evolved them place to flow.
A shunt pathway moves them the ETC.
I’m talking ‘bout the one in II tou see.
These energized alectrons flow and release
Which you know is used to synthesize ATP.

( Part Calvin Cycle)
Now it’s time to learn the cycle named Calvin.
Which results in the of carbon.
Consider each carbon in your bones, blood and hair,
Was once in a CO2 in the
The Cycle has three parts.
Fixation of carbon is it starts.
The molecules produced rae reduced.
‘cause reduction is the thing that happens in part 2.
Part 2 is the payoff as you see.
It molecule G3P
A reduced molecule with lots of
And a starting point for the molecules that cells need.
Part 3 sets up conditions for cycle’s start.
By recreating what’s at the cycle’s
RuBP (Ribulose Bisphosphate), five carbon molecule that seems to apparate.
‘Cause RuBP’s the cycle’s start.
Then reappears the very last part.
The role of RuBP the start and end.
Is why this a cycle like the one named Krebs.
cycle’s inputs are know to you: NADPH and ATP and CO2
Fixation of carbon catalyzed by RuBP Carboxylase Enzyme
enzyme’s nickname you should know.
Sounds like a maker: it’s RUBISCO.
An enzyme so old it was already
Before O2 accumulated the air.
The CO2 enters through leaf diffusing through the leaf and arriving at the stroma.
There RuBisCO grabs it in its active site, and squeezes with RuBP tight.
RuBP has carbons five, it has two phosphates, one each side.
When CO2 combines with RuBP it makes a six carbon compound you won’t
It instantly dissociates into two 3 –
Each with three and one phosphate.
Each gets phosphorylated to
means that each receives aphosphate group from ATP.
phospharylation, is followed by reduction.
And you there’s an enzyme with the function.
Of taking electrons and H NADPH and adding them to to bisphosphoglycerate.
Take off a phosphate for – Phosphate.
starting point for compounds like carbohydrates.

III: Calvin Cycle, conclusion)
Glyceraldehyde- 3 – phosphat, known as
a product cells harvest, and I hope you see,
how light reactions NADPH ATP,
are needed to fix CO2 and make energy.
And to complete the cycle we must regenerate.
The starting point of Calvin Cycle bisphosphate.
The intermediates involved in G3Ps,
And them into RuBPs.
Are too much for biology.
You can get the details when you get Ph. D.
know for now that to get 3 RuBPs from 5 G3Ps cost 3 ATPs!

(Part IV:
Now journey ends whit its emphasis,
On the reaction of
For over four years it’s been the food chains basis.
In from that era you can see the traces,
tiny cells with prokaryotic form.
Stromatolites that lived in waters
photosynthesis they transformed our planet,
So aerobic life live upon it.
And so sentient beings who can analyze,
How photoautotrophs can
could say that photosynthesis gave birth to codiyions for cons ciousness on Planet Earth!

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