🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis
 Non  Electron Flow and The Calvin Cycle
 Amusical  by Glenn Wolkenfeld
 
 Thanks for joining us for Episode 
 Wher more ‘bout  waits for you.
 We last saw how plant cells create,  ATP, and NADPH.
 Now we’ll start with a twist on  light reactions,
  cyclic flow, we’ll see how it happens.
 Then we  investigate how the Calvin Cycle makes carbohydrate.
 
  I, Cyclic Electron Flow)
 Non – cyclic flow is also called the “Z – scheme” Put Z on its site and see what I 
 Electrons rise in  then fall and rise again.
 Making ATP  NADPH my friends.
 A variation on this is cyclic 
 Which makes ATP, no NADPH  O.
 Cyclic flow  from the Calvin Cycle’s needs.
 It uses less NADPH than 
 NADPH buildup has the repercussion, of  NADP+ reduction.
 ‘cause NADPH clogs up 
 Keepping NADP+ from  into place.
 So  don’t go to NADP+.
 They’re  stuck like a pimple’s pus.
 Where can  go from P700?
 Nature evolved them  place to flow.
 A shunt pathway  them to the ETC.
 I’m talking ‘bout the one in PS  tou see.
 These energized alectrons flow and release 
 Which as you know is used  synthesize ATP.
 
 ( Part II: Calvin 
 Now it’s  to learn the cycle named for Calvin.
 Which results in the fixation of 
 Consider that each carbon in  bones, blood and hair,
 Was  in a CO2 in the air.
  Calvin Cycle has three parts.
 Fixation of carbon is how  starts.
 The molecules  rae then reduced.
  reduction is the key thing that happens in part 2.
 Part 2 is the payoff  you will see.
 It  molecule G3P
 A  molecule with lots of energy.
 And a starting point for all the  that cells need.
 Part 3 sets  conditions for the cycle’s start.
 By recreating what’s at  cycle’s heart.
 RuBP (Ribulose Bisphosphate), a five carbon molecule that  to apparate.
  RuBP’s at the cycle’s start.
 Then reappears at the very  part.
  role of RuBP at the start and end.
 Is  this is a cycle like the one named Krebs.
 The cycle’s inputs are know  you: NADPH and ATP and CO2
  of carbon is catalyzed by RuBP Carboxylase Enzyme
 This  nickname you should know.
  like a cookie maker: it’s RUBISCO.
  enzyme so old it was already here,
 Before O2 accumulated  the air.
 The CO2 enters through leaf stoma,  through the leaf and arriving at the stroma.
 There RuBisCO grabs it in its active site, and  it with RuBP tight.
 RuBP has carbons  it has two phosphates, one on each side.
 When CO2 combines with RuBP it makes a  carbon compound you won’t see.
 It instantly dissociates into two  – phosphoglycerates,
 Each with three carbons  one phosphate.
 Each gets phosphorylated to 
 Phosohorylated means that each receives  group from ATP.
 This  is followed by reduction.
 And you  there’s an enzyme with the function.
 Of taking electrons and H  NADPH and adding them to to bisphosphoglycerate.
  off a phosphate for Glycealdehyde – Phosphate.
 A starting point for  like carbohydrates.
 
 (Part III: Calvin  conclusion)
 Glyceraldehyde- 3  phosphat, known as G3P,
 as  product cells harvest, and I hope you see,
  light reactions NADPH and ATP,
 are needed to fix CO2 and make organic 
 And to complete the cycle we must  regenerate.
 The starting point of Calvin  ribulose bisphosphate.
 The intermediates involved in taking 
 And recombining  into RuBPs.
 Are too much for  biology.
 You can get the details when  get yors Ph. D.
 But know for now that to get 3 RuBPs from  G3Ps cost 3 ATPs!
 
  IV: Conclusion)
 Now this journey ends  its emphasis,
 On the reaction  photosynthesis.
  over four billion years it’s been the food chains basis.
 In fossils from that  you can see the traces,
 Of tiny cells with  form.
  that lived in waters warm.
 Through photosynthesis they transformed  planet,
  aerobic life can live upon it.
 And so evolved sentient beings who can 
  photoautotrophs can photosynthesize.
 You could say that photosynthesis  birth to codiyions for cons ciousness on Planet Earth!