🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis
 Non Cyclic  Flow and The Calvin Cycle
 Amusical Lecture by Glenn 
 
 Thanks for joining us for  Two,
 Wher more ‘bout photosynthesic  for you.
  last saw how plant cells create, O¬¬2, ATP, and NADPH.
 Now we’ll start  a twist on the light reactions,
 Called cyclic flow, we’ll see  it happens.
 Then we will  how the Calvin Cycle makes carbohydrate.
 
 (Part I,  Electron Flow)
 Non – cyclic flow is also called the  – scheme” Put Z on its site and see what I mean.
 Electrons rise in energy  fall and rise again.
 Making ATP and NADPH  friends.
 A variation on this is cyclic 
 Which makes ATP, no NADPH or 
 Cyclic flow results from the Calvin  needs.
 It uses less NADPH than 
 NADPH buildup has the  of inhibiting NADP+ reduction.
 ‘cause  clogs up reductase.
 Keepping NADP+ from  into place.
  electrons don’t go to NADP+.
 They’re clogged, stuck like a  pus.
 Where can they go  P700?
 Nature  them a place to flow.
 A shunt pathway moves them  the ETC.
 I’m  ‘bout the one in PS II tou see.
 These energized alectrons  and release energy.
 Which as you know is used to  ATP.
 
  Part II: Calvin Cycle)
 Now it’s  to learn the cycle named for Calvin.
 Which results in  fixation of carbon.
 Consider that  carbon in your bones, blood and hair,
 Was once  a CO2 in the air.
 The  Cycle has three parts.
 Fixation of carbon is  it starts.
  molecules produced rae then reduced.
 ‘cause reduction is the key thing that happens  part 2.
 Part  is the payoff as you will see.
  produces molecule G3P
  reduced molecule with lots of energy.
 And a starting  for all the molecules that cells need.
  3 sets up conditions for the cycle’s start.
 By  what’s at the cycle’s heart.
 RuBP (Ribulose  a five carbon molecule that seems to apparate.
 ‘Cause  at the cycle’s start.
  reappears at the very last part.
 The role of RuBP at the start and 
 Is why this is a cycle  the one named Krebs.
 The cycle’s inputs are know to you: NADPH and ATP and 
 Fixation of carbon is catalyzed  RuBP Carboxylase Enzyme
  enzyme’s nickname you should know.
  like a cookie maker: it’s RUBISCO.
 An  so old it was already here,
 Before O2 accumulated  the air.
 The CO2 enters through leaf stoma, diffusing through  leaf and arriving at the stroma.
  RuBisCO grabs it in its active site, and squeezes it with RuBP tight.
 RuBP has carbons five,  has two phosphates, one on each side.
  CO2 combines with RuBP it makes a six carbon compound you won’t see.
 It instantly  into two 3 – phosphoglycerates,
 Each with  carbons and one phosphate.
 Each gets phosphorylated to 
 Phosohorylated means that each  aphosphate group from ATP.
 This  is followed by reduction.
 And you  there’s an enzyme with the function.
 Of taking  and H from NADPH and adding them to to bisphosphoglycerate.
 Take off a phosphate for Glycealdehyde  Phosphate.
 A starting point  compounds like carbohydrates.
 
  III: Calvin Cycle, conclusion)
 Glyceraldehyde- 3 – phosphat, known as 
 as a product cells harvest, and I  you see,
 how light  NADPH and ATP,
 are  to fix CO2 and make organic energy.
 And to  the cycle we must now regenerate.
 The starting point  Calvin Cycle ribulose bisphosphate.
 The intermediates involved in taking 
 And  them into RuBPs.
 Are too  for freshman biology.
 You can get the details when you get  Ph. D.
 But know for now that to get  RuBPs from 5 G3Ps cost 3 ATPs!
 
 (Part  Conclusion)
 Now this journey ends whit  emphasis,
  the reaction of photosynthesis.
 For over four billion years it’s been the food  basis.
 In fossils from that era you can see the 
 Of tiny cells with prokaryotic 
 Stromatolites that lived in waters 
 Through  they transformed our planet,
 So  life can live upon it.
  so evolved sentient beings who can analyze,
 How  can photosynthesize.
 You could say that photosynthesis  birth to codiyions for cons ciousness on Planet Earth!