🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis
 Non Cyclic Electron Flow and The Calvin 
 Amusical Lecture by Glenn 
 
 Thanks for joining us  Episode Two,
 Wher more ‘bout photosynthesic waits for 
 We last saw how plant  create, O¬¬2, ATP, and NADPH.
 Now we’ll start  a twist on the light reactions,
 Called cyclic flow, we’ll  how it happens.
 Then  will investigate how the Calvin Cycle makes carbohydrate.
 
 (Part  Cyclic Electron Flow)
 Non – cyclic flow is also  the “Z – scheme” Put Z on its site and see what I mean.
 Electrons rise in energy then fall and  again.
 Making ATP and  my friends.
  variation on this is cyclic flow.
  makes ATP, no NADPH or O.
 Cyclic flow  from the Calvin Cycle’s needs.
 It uses less NADPH than 
 NADPH buildup has the repercussion, of inhibiting  reduction.
 ‘cause NADPH clogs up 
  NADP+ from moving into place.
 So electrons don’t  to NADP+.
 They’re clogged, stuck like a pimple’s 
 Where can they go from 
  evolved them a place to flow.
 A shunt pathway moves them to the 
 I’m talking  the one in PS II tou see.
 These energized  flow and release energy.
 Which as you know is  to synthesize ATP.
 
 ( Part II:  Cycle)
 Now it’s time to learn  cycle named for Calvin.
 Which results in  fixation of carbon.
 Consider that each carbon in  bones, blood and hair,
  once in a CO2 in the air.
 The Calvin Cycle  three parts.
 Fixation of carbon  how it starts.
  molecules produced rae then reduced.
 ‘cause reduction is the  thing that happens in part 2.
 Part 2 is  payoff as you will see.
 It  molecule G3P
 A reduced molecule with lots of 
 And a starting point for all the molecules that cells 
 Part 3 sets up conditions for the  start.
 By recreating what’s at the  heart.
 RuBP (Ribulose Bisphosphate),  five carbon molecule that seems to apparate.
  RuBP’s at the cycle’s start.
 Then reappears  the very last part.
 The role of RuBP at the start and 
 Is why this  a cycle like the one named Krebs.
 The  inputs are know to you: NADPH and ATP and CO2
  of carbon is catalyzed by RuBP Carboxylase Enzyme
 This enzyme’s  you should know.
 Sounds  a cookie maker: it’s RUBISCO.
 An enzyme so old it  already here,
 Before O2  in the air.
 The  enters through leaf stoma, diffusing through the leaf and arriving at the stroma.
 There RuBisCO grabs it  its active site, and squeezes it with RuBP tight.
 RuBP has  five, it has two phosphates, one on each side.
 When CO2  with RuBP it makes a six carbon compound you won’t see.
 It  dissociates into two 3 – phosphoglycerates,
 Each with  carbons and one phosphate.
 Each  phosphorylated to bisphosohoglycerate.
  means that each receives aphosphate group from ATP.
 This phospharylation,  followed by reduction.
  you know there’s an enzyme with the function.
 Of  electrons and H from NADPH and adding them to to bisphosphoglycerate.
 Take off a phosphate for  – Phosphate.
 A starting point for  like carbohydrates.
 
  III: Calvin Cycle, conclusion)
 Glyceraldehyde- 3  phosphat, known as G3P,
 as a product  harvest, and I hope you see,
 how  reactions NADPH and ATP,
 are needed  fix CO2 and make organic energy.
 And to complete  cycle we must now regenerate.
 The starting point of  Cycle ribulose bisphosphate.
  intermediates involved in taking G3Ps,
  recombining them into RuBPs.
 Are too much for freshman 
 You can get the details  you get yors Ph. D.
 But know for now that  get 3 RuBPs from 5 G3Ps cost 3 ATPs!
 
  IV: Conclusion)
 Now this  ends whit its emphasis,
 On the reaction  photosynthesis.
 For over four billion years  been the food chains basis.
 In fossils  that era you can see the traces,
 Of tiny  with prokaryotic form.
  that lived in waters warm.
 Through photosynthesis they transformed our 
 So aerobic life can  upon it.
 And so evolved sentient beings  can analyze,
 How  can photosynthesize.
 You could say that photosynthesis gave birth to codiyions for cons ciousness on  Earth!