🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis
 Non Cyclic Electron Flow and The Calvin 
  Lecture by Glenn Wolkenfeld
 
 Thanks  joining us for Episode Two,
 Wher  ‘bout photosynthesic waits for you.
 We  saw how plant cells create, O¬¬2, ATP, and NADPH.
 Now we’ll start with a twist on the  reactions,
 Called cyclic  we’ll see how it happens.
 Then we will investigate how the Calvin  makes carbohydrate.
 
 (Part I, Cyclic Electron 
 Non – cyclic  is also called the “Z – scheme” Put Z on its site and see what I mean.
 Electrons rise in energy then  and rise again.
  ATP and NADPH my friends.
 A variation  this is cyclic flow.
 Which makes ATP, no NADPH  O.
  flow results from the Calvin Cycle’s needs.
  uses less NADPH than ATP.
 NADPH buildup has the  of inhibiting NADP+ reduction.
 ‘cause NADPH  up reductase.
 Keepping NADP+ from moving into 
 So electrons don’t go  NADP+.
 They’re clogged, stuck like  pimple’s pus.
 Where can they go from 
 Nature evolved them  place to flow.
 A shunt pathway moves them  the ETC.
 I’m talking ‘bout the one in  II tou see.
 These energized alectrons flow and release 
 Which  you know is used to synthesize ATP.
 
 ( Part  Calvin Cycle)
 Now it’s time to learn the cycle named  Calvin.
 Which results in the  of carbon.
 Consider  each carbon in your bones, blood and hair,
 Was once in a CO2 in the 
 The  Cycle has three parts.
 Fixation of carbon is  it starts.
 The molecules produced rae  reduced.
 ‘cause reduction is the  thing that happens in part 2.
 Part 2 is the payoff as you  see.
 It  molecule G3P
 A reduced molecule with lots of 
 And a starting point for  the molecules that cells need.
 Part 3 sets up conditions for  cycle’s start.
 By recreating what’s at the cycle’s 
 RuBP (Ribulose Bisphosphate),  five carbon molecule that seems to apparate.
 ‘Cause RuBP’s  the cycle’s start.
 Then reappears  the very last part.
 The role of RuBP  the start and end.
 Is why this  a cycle like the one named Krebs.
  cycle’s inputs are know to you: NADPH and ATP and CO2
 Fixation of carbon  catalyzed by RuBP Carboxylase Enzyme
  enzyme’s nickname you should know.
 Sounds like a  maker: it’s RUBISCO.
 An enzyme so old it was already 
 Before O2 accumulated  the air.
 The CO2 enters through leaf  diffusing through the leaf and arriving at the stroma.
 There RuBisCO grabs it in its active site, and squeezes  with RuBP tight.
 RuBP has carbons five, it has two phosphates, one  each side.
 When CO2 combines with RuBP it makes a six carbon compound you won’t 
 It instantly dissociates into two 3 – 
 Each with three  and one phosphate.
 Each gets phosphorylated to 
  means that each receives aphosphate group from ATP.
  phospharylation, is followed by reduction.
 And you  there’s an enzyme with the function.
 Of taking electrons and H  NADPH and adding them to to bisphosphoglycerate.
 Take off a phosphate for  – Phosphate.
  starting point for compounds like carbohydrates.
 
  III: Calvin Cycle, conclusion)
 Glyceraldehyde- 3 – phosphat, known as 
  a product cells harvest, and I hope you see,
 how light reactions NADPH  ATP,
 are needed to fix CO2 and make  energy.
 And to complete the cycle we must  regenerate.
 The starting point of Calvin Cycle  bisphosphate.
 The intermediates involved in  G3Ps,
 And  them into RuBPs.
 Are too much for  biology.
 You can get the details when you get  Ph. D.
  know for now that to get 3 RuBPs from 5 G3Ps cost 3 ATPs!
 
 (Part IV: 
 Now  journey ends whit its emphasis,
 On the reaction of 
 For over four  years it’s been the food chains basis.
 In  from that era you can see the traces,
  tiny cells with prokaryotic form.
 Stromatolites that lived in waters 
  photosynthesis they transformed our planet,
 So aerobic life  live upon it.
 And so  sentient beings who can analyze,
 How photoautotrophs can 
  could say that photosynthesis gave birth to codiyions for cons ciousness on Planet Earth!