🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - The Light Reactions - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis : part A - The  Reactions
 Amusical Lecture by  Wolkenfeld
 
 A music Lecture by Glenn 
 Boys and girls tell me what  think of this,
  for a lesson ‘bout photosynthesis
 Cells use light to combine  carbon dioxide.
 Gonna  electrons going for a wild ride.
 Making sugar, making sweet 
  why should photosynthesis matter to you?
 Food on  table.
 O2  atmosphere.
 Without photosynthesis you  wouldn’d be here.
 
 (  I, The Big Picture)
 Photosynthesis is a redox 
 Powered  light using enzymatic action.
  oxidized, CO2’s re duced
  sugar that results you drink in orange juice.
 The overall reaction  two phases.
 First is the light reactions which has as its 
 Light powered  of ATP.
 O2 is the by  product and you will see.
 Production of  carrier NADPH
 Which provides reducing power needed  the second phase
 ‘Cause NADPH,  phase 2
 Provides  needed for reducing CO2
 NADPH ia made by a reduction of  whose function
 Is to  electrons and pick up H,
  energy and making NADPH.
 Phase  is the Calvin Cycle makes carbohydrate,
 Like sugar and starches and fibers on your  plate.
 It’s  plants make food animals eat.
 Photosynthesis, it’s  sweet!
 
 (Part II:  Thylakoids, Light, and Chlorophyll)
 In a lesf  mesophyllic tissue
 And cells  chloroplasts key to the issue.
  are almost like cells in every way,
 With their own  and their own DNA.
 They even  themselves, splitting into half.
 A clue for  organelle’s independent past.
 This  has a name endosymbiosis,
 Developed in the 60s  Lynn Margulis.
 Inside the  is the fluid stroma.
 It’s  in Tokyo.
 It’s true  Roma.
  syrrounds little thylakoids.
 Each one has a  space inside.
 The thylakoid’s membrane  loaded with protein.
 ‘Cause it’s the light  scene.
  all about using light for powering electrons,
  about grabbing the power in photons.
 The photons needed are are  from light,
 Which has the energy to make the world 
 The highest frequency  we can see,
 Is violet light with wavelength 
 380 nanometers, sounds 
  next to gamma rays it’s rather tall.
 Red light shines at 
 Isn’t  visible spectrum nifty?
  are packets of light energy,
 Both  wave and a particle, you see.
 Phootins get adsorbed by 
 It’s real, it’s true,  ain’t no figment!
 Most important are  chlorophylls.
 Orange carotenoids,  yellow xanthophylls.
 Together they absorb light,  red and blue.
 The green is not absorbed it reflects  to you.
 In  see the porphyrin ring.
 See the magnesium, which makes you  to sing,
 Magnesium, metal with valence 
 You’ll see those  rocketing through.
 Notice the tail, a  chain.
 Which anchors chlorophyll into the thylakoid 
 A molecule  style, so pretty,
 In the thylakoid it  electricity!
 
  Part III)
 Englemann showed us  action spectrum.
 Used a prism to break the 
  into its frequencies.
 Shone  on spirogyra, filamentous algae.
 The O2 algae  will stimulate bacteria.
 Which will grow  any oxygen – rich area.
 Bacteria loved  over blue and red,
 But hardly grew over green,  might as well be dead!
 The line of growth is a refection, of  action spectrum.
 Note this won’t  exactly,
 The absorption spectra of chlorophyll  or b.
 ‘Cause the cartenoids  xanthophylls we’ve met,
 Absorb light frequencies  chlorophylls can’t get.
 And in the thylakoid they all 
  using light to synthesize carbohydrate.
  chlorophyll in isolation,
 Shine some  upon it (call it photoexcitation)
 The  electrons in magnessium
 Jump to an excited  it’s so fun!
  once up at that level, they can only fall.
 Back to where they started,  a bouncing ball.
  falling alectrons, release energy,
 Fluorescing as red light, as you can 
 But in  chlorophyll’s not alone,
 Instesd  photosystem is chlorophyll’s home.
 The photosystem’s parts  take photons,
 And use their energy to move 
 The  antenna complex does the first capture,
 Changing  anergy into electron rapture.
 The  electrons bounce like a ball,
 At  reaction center, they jump but do not fall.
 A primary electron acceotor grabs them  on top,
 And yanks them  a force reaction center cannot stop.
 To this oxidized reaction center  return,
 But the details of electron flow it now  time to learn.
 
 ( Part IV) ATP Synthesis in Non  Cyclic Electron Flow.
 Non -  cycle flow is the main pathway.
 Much confustion  to the way
 Hootoystm II  photosystem I.
 It’s a fct to memorize,  get it done!
 PS II’s antenna captures  photon,
 Generates a  of electrons.
 All around the world, even  Haiti,
 They  to reaction center P680.
 There electrons do not 
 Electron  passes them over.
 To the  transport chain,
 In the thylakoid 
 This chain’s  a bucket brigade.
 Each molecule  a similar trade.
 They take  electrons,
 And  their energy for pumping protons.
 From  to the thylakoid space.
 Packing  into that place.
 This makes a gradient across the  membrane
 The protons want “out”  they’ll go insane.
 But the protons can’t 
 The membrane won’t  escape.
 There’s only one port  which they travel.
 It’s the ATP  channel.
 The  tells you this is an enzyme.
 Which makes ATP  the time.
 It  binding sites for ADP and Pi,
 And  for diffusing protons whose knetic energy.
 Changes the  sites’ conformation.
 Fusing  with Pi which for your information.
 Is how thylakoids  ATP.
 Life’s key  of energy.
 From respiration this might  familiar.
 ATP is made this  in mitochondria.
  is the name
 ATP production  the game.
 
 ( Part V: NADPH Synthesis in Non  Cyclic Elecron Flow)
 Back to our electons moved by  sun.
 Flowing from Photosystem II to  I.
 They get to PS  lke a used up battery.
 The transport chain  up their energy.
 But when light hits PS I’s 
 Electrons boune  reaction center.
 This  P700,
 That wavelength  electrons go!
 PS T’s  acceptor grabs them away,
 Leaving P700 in an oxidized 
 And P700 with its oxidized blues accepts the  from PS II.
 Bak to electron from PS 
 It now gose for a ride,  its own fun.
  powering proton pumps ain’t its fate.
  travels to NADP+ reductase.
  enzyme plant cells count upon.
 To pass some  and electrons.
 To NADP+ which gets 
 It’s how NADPH get 
 
 (Part VI: Oxygen  in Non – Cycli Electron Flow)
 The by – product of these light 
 Is oxygen here’s  it happens.
 Back PS II, it came to 
 That P680 got 
 To  lost electrons P680 liberates.
 Electrons from  which dissociates.
 Into one  and protons two,
 The single O will meet anoher forming 
 These protons  formed in the thylakoid space.
 Increasing proton concentration  that place.
 So we see  side effect of water’s oxidation.
  enhancement of ATP creation.