🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - The Light Reactions - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis : part  - The Light Reactions
 Amusical  by Glenn Wolkenfeld
 
 A  Lecture by Glenn Wolkenfeld
 Boys and girls tell me what  think of this,
  for a lesson ‘bout photosynthesis
 Cells use light  combine water carbon dioxide.
 Gonna  electrons going for a wild ride.
 Making sugar, making  O¬2.
 But why should  matter to you?
  on your table.
  rich atmosphere.
 Without photosynthesis you simple  be here.
 
 ( Part  The Big Picture)
 Photosynthesis is  redox reaction.
 Powered  light using enzymatic action.
 Water’s oxidized,  re duced
 The  that results you drink in orange juice.
 The  reaction has two phases.
 First is the light reactions which  as its basis.
 Light powered production of 
 O2  the by – product and you will see.
 Production of electron carrier 
 Which provides reducing power needed in the second 
 ‘Cause NADPH, during  2
 Provides what’s  for reducing CO2
 NADPH ia made  a reduction of NADP+, whose function
 Is to absorb electrons  pick up H,
  energy and making NADPH.
 Phase  is the Calvin Cycle makes carbohydrate,
 Like sugar and  and fibers on your lunch plate.
 It’s how  make food animals eat.
  it’s so sweet!
 
  II: Chloroplasts, Thylakoids, Light, and Chlorophyll)
 In a  there’s mesophyllic tissue
 And cells with  key to the issue.
  are almost like cells in every way,
  their own ribosomes and their own DNA.
 They  reproduce themselves, splitting into half.
 A  for this organelle’s independent past.
 This  has a name endosymbiosis,
 Developed in the 60s by  Margulis.
 Inside the chloroplast is  fluid stroma.
 It’s  in Tokyo.
  true in Roma.
 Stroma syrrounds little 
 Each one has a hollow  inside.
 The  membrane is loaded with protein.
 ‘Cause it’s the light  scene.
 It’s  about using light for powering electrons,
 All about  the power in photons.
 The photons needed are  those from light,
 Which has the energy to make the world 
 The highest frequency that we can 
 Is violet light  wavelength 380.
 380 nanometers,  small,
 But next to gamma  it’s rather tall.
 Red light shines  750.
 Isn’t the  spectrum nifty?
 Photons are packets of  energy,
 Both a  and a particle, you see.
 Phootins get adsorbed by 
 It’s real, it’s true, it ain’t no 
  important are green chlorophylls.
  carotenoids, and yellow xanthophylls.
 Together they absorb light,  red and blue.
 The green is not  it reflects back to you.
 In chlorophyll  the porphyrin ring.
 See the  which makes you want to sing,
  metal with valence two.
 You’ll see those electrons  through.
  the tail, a hydrocarbon chain.
  anchors chlorophyll into the thylakoid membrane.
 A molecule with style, so 
  the thylakoid it makes electricity!
 
 ( Part 
 Englemann showed  the action spectrum.
 Used a prism  break the sun’s
 Light into its 
  it on spirogyra, filamentous algae.
 The O2 algae  will stimulate bacteria.
  will grow in any oxygen – rich area.
 Bacteria loved it over blue  red,
 But hardly grew over green, they might as  be dead!
 The line of growth is a refection, of photosynthesis’  spectrum.
 Note this won’t  exactly,
 The absorption spectra of chlorophyll  or b.
 ‘Cause the cartenoids and xanthophylls we’ve 
 Absorb light frequencies the chlorophylls can’t 
  in the thylakoid they all cooperate,
 In  light to synthesize carbohydrate.
  chlorophyll in isolation,
 Shine  light upon it (call it photoexcitation)
  valence electrons in magnessium
 Jump  an excited state, it’s so fun!
 But once up at that level, they can only 
 Back to where they started,  a bouncing ball.
 These falling  release energy,
 Fluorescing  red light, as you can see.
 But in thylakoids, chlorophyll’s  alone,
 Instesd a photosystem  chlorophyll’s home.
  photosystem’s parts can take photons,
 And use their energy to  electrons.
  system’s antenna complex does the first capture,
 Changing photon anergy into electron 
 The energized  bounce like a ball,
 At the reaction center, they  but do not fall.
 A primary electron acceotor grabs  from on top,
 And yanks them with a force  center cannot stop.
 To this oxidized reaction  we’ll return,
 But the details of electron  it now is time to learn.
 
 ( Part IV) ATP Synthesis in Non – Cyclic  Flow.
 Non -  cycle  is the main pathway.
  confustion relates to the way
 Hootoystm II  photosystem I.
 It’s a fct to memorize, just get  done!
 PS  antenna captures a photon,
 Generates  flow of electrons.
 All around the world, even  Haiti,
  flow to reaction center P680.
 There electrons do not 
  acceptor passes them over.
  the electron transport chain,
 In the  membrane.
 This  like a bucket brigade.
 Each  has a similar trade.
 They  energized electrons,
 And use  energy for pumping protons.
  stroma to the thylakoid space.
 Packing protons into  place.
 This makes a  across the thylkoid membrane
 The protons  “out” or they’ll go insane.
 But the protons  permeate.
 The membrane  allow escape.
 There’s only one port through which  travel.
  the ATP Synthase channel.
 The “-ase” tells you  is an enzyme.
 Which  ATP all the time.
 It has binding sites for ADP and 
 And  for diffusing protons whose knetic energy.
  the binding sites’ conformation.
 Fusing ADP with Pi which  your information.
 Is how  make ATP.
  key form of energy.
 From  this might feel familiar.
 ATP  made this way in mitochondria.
 Chemiosomosis is the 
 ATP  is the game.
 
 ( Part  NADPH Synthesis in Non – Cyclic Elecron Flow)
  to our electons moved by the sun.
  from Photosystem II to System I.
  get to PS I lke a used up battery.
 The transport chain used up  energy.
 But when  hits PS I’s antenna
 Electrons boune to reaction 
 This one’s 
 That wavelength  electrons go!
 PS  electron acceptor grabs them away,
  P700 in an oxidized way.
 And P700 with its oxidized blues accepts the alectrons from  II.
 Bak to electron  PS I.
 It now gose for a ride, having  own fun.
 But powering proton pumps ain’t  fate.
 It travels  NADP+ reductase.
 An enzyme plant cells  upon.
 To  some H and electrons.
  NADP+ which gets reduced.
 It’s  NADPH get produced.
 
 (Part VI: Oxygen Production in Non – Cycli  Flow)
 The  – product of these light reactions
 Is oxygen  how it happens.
 Back  II, it came to arise,
 That  got oxidized
 To replace lost electrons  liberates.
 Electrons  water which dissociates.
 Into one  and protons two,
 The single O will meet anoher forming 
 These protons are formed in the  space.
 Increasing proton concentration in  place.
 So  see a side effect of water’s oxidation.
 Is enhancement  ATP creation.