🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - The Light Reactions - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis : part A - The Light 
 Amusical  by Glenn Wolkenfeld
 
 A music Lecture by  Wolkenfeld
 Boys and girls tell me what you think of 
 Time for  lesson ‘bout photosynthesis
  use light to combine water carbon dioxide.
 Gonna see electrons going  a wild ride.
  sugar, making sweet O¬2.
  why should photosynthesis matter to you?
 Food on your 
 O2 rich 
 Without photosynthesis  simple wouldn’d be here.
 
 ( Part I,  Big Picture)
 Photosynthesis  a redox reaction.
  by light using enzymatic action.
  oxidized, CO2’s re duced
 The sugar that results you drink in  juice.
 The overall reaction has  phases.
 First  the light reactions which has as its basis.
 Light  production of ATP.
 O2 is the  – product and you will see.
 Production of electron carrier 
 Which provides reducing power  in the second phase
  NADPH, during phase 2
 Provides  needed for reducing CO2
 NADPH ia made by a reduction of  whose function
 Is to absorb electrons  pick up H,
 Gaining energy and  NADPH.
 Phase 2 is the Calvin Cycle  carbohydrate,
 Like sugar and starches and fibers on your  plate.
 It’s how  make food animals eat.
  it’s so sweet!
 
 (Part II:  Thylakoids, Light, and Chlorophyll)
 In a lesf there’s  tissue
 And  with chloroplasts key to the issue.
 Chloroplasts are almost like cells in  way,
 With their own  and their own DNA.
 They even reproduce themselves,  into half.
 A clue for this organelle’s independent 
 This  has a name endosymbiosis,
 Developed in  60s by Lynn Margulis.
 Inside the  is the fluid stroma.
 It’s true in 
 It’s  in Roma.
 Stroma syrrounds little 
 Each one has a hollow space 
 The thylakoid’s membrane is loaded with 
 ‘Cause it’s the light  scene.
 It’s all about using light for  electrons,
 All about  the power in photons.
 The  needed are are those from light,
 Which has the energy to  the world bright.
 The highest frequency that  can see,
 Is violet light  wavelength 380.
 380 nanometers,  small,
 But next to gamma rays  rather tall.
 Red light shines at 
 Isn’t  visible spectrum nifty?
  are packets of light energy,
 Both a wave and  particle, you see.
 Phootins get adsorbed  pigments.
 It’s real, it’s true,  ain’t no figment!
 Most important are green 
 Orange carotenoids,  yellow xanthophylls.
 Together they absorb light, mostly red and 
  green is not absorbed it reflects back to you.
  chlorophyll see the porphyrin ring.
 See the magnesium, which makes you want to 
  metal with valence two.
  see those electrons rocketing through.
 Notice the tail, a  chain.
 Which  chlorophyll into the thylakoid membrane.
 A molecule with style,  pretty,
  the thylakoid it makes electricity!
 
 (  III)
  showed us the action spectrum.
  a prism to break the sun’s
  into its frequencies.
 Shone it on spirogyra,  algae.
  O2 algae make will stimulate bacteria.
 Which will grow in any oxygen  rich area.
  loved it over blue and red,
 But hardly grew over green,  might as well be dead!
 The line of growth is a refection, of  action spectrum.
 Note this  match, exactly,
 The absorption spectra of chlorophyll  or b.
 ‘Cause the cartenoids  xanthophylls we’ve met,
 Absorb light frequencies the chlorophylls  get.
 And in  thylakoid they all cooperate,
  using light to synthesize carbohydrate.
 Consider  in isolation,
 Shine  light upon it (call it photoexcitation)
 The  electrons in magnessium
 Jump to an  state, it’s so fun!
 But once up at that level,  can only fall.
 Back to where they started, like  bouncing ball.
 These falling alectrons,  energy,
 Fluorescing  red light, as you can see.
 But  thylakoids, chlorophyll’s not alone,
 Instesd  photosystem is chlorophyll’s home.
 The  parts can take photons,
 And use  energy to move electrons.
 The system’s antenna complex does the first 
 Changing photon  into electron rapture.
 The  electrons bounce like a ball,
 At the reaction center, they jump but  not fall.
 A  electron acceotor grabs them from on top,
 And yanks them with a force  center cannot stop.
 To this  reaction center we’ll return,
 But the details of electron flow it now is  to learn.
 
 ( Part IV) ATP Synthesis in  – Cyclic Electron Flow.
 Non -  cycle  is the main pathway.
 Much confustion relates to  way
 Hootoystm II precedes photosystem 
 It’s  fct to memorize, just get it done!
 PS II’s antenna captures a 
 Generates a flow of 
 All around the  even n Haiti,
 They flow to reaction center 
 There electrons do  hover,
  acceptor passes them over.
 To the  transport chain,
 In the  membrane.
 This chain’s like a  brigade.
 Each molecule has a similar 
 They take energized 
  use their energy for pumping protons.
 From stroma to  thylakoid space.
 Packing protons  that place.
 This makes a gradient  the thylkoid membrane
 The protons want “out” or they’ll  insane.
 But the protons  permeate.
 The membrane won’t allow 
 There’s only one port through  they travel.
 It’s the ATP  channel.
 The “-ase” tells you  is an enzyme.
 Which makes  all the time.
 It has binding sites  ADP and Pi,
 And channels for diffusing protons whose knetic 
  the binding sites’ conformation.
 Fusing ADP with Pi  for your information.
 Is how  make ATP.
 Life’s key  of energy.
 From  this might feel familiar.
 ATP is made  way in mitochondria.
 Chemiosomosis is  name
  production is the game.
 
 ( Part V: NADPH Synthesis in Non  Cyclic Elecron Flow)
 Back to our electons moved by the 
 Flowing from  II to System I.
 They get to PS  lke a used up battery.
 The  chain used up their energy.
 But when  hits PS I’s antenna
 Electrons boune  reaction center.
  one’s P700,
 That  makes electrons go!
  T’s electron acceptor grabs them away,
 Leaving P700 in  oxidized way.
 And P700 with its oxidized blues  the alectrons from PS II.
  to electron from PS I.
 It  gose for a ride, having its own fun.
 But  proton pumps ain’t its fate.
 It  to NADP+ reductase.
 An enzyme plant cells count 
 To pass some H and 
 To NADP+ which gets 
 It’s how  get produced.
 
 (Part VI: Oxygen Production in  – Cycli Electron Flow)
 The by – product of these  reactions
 Is oxygen  how it happens.
 Back PS  it came to arise,
 That P680 got 
 To replace lost electrons P680 
  from water which dissociates.
 Into one oxygen  protons two,
 The single O will meet anoher forming 
 These  are formed in the thylakoid space.
 Increasing proton  in that place.
 So we see a side effect  water’s oxidation.
 Is enhancement of ATP